Analysis The Beach Essay - 1745 Words

MARK395 REFLECTIVE JOURNAL By Tracy Bustamanre Image one – Contemporary issue: Erosion Description and discussion: This photograph was taken on Waikiki Beach in Honolulu, Hawaii in 2015. It was taken during sunset and as the tide had gone out, revealing a wider coastline. The world-famous beach is manmade and since 1951, over 80,000 cubic meters of sand has been imported to replace sand lost through erosion from heavy rainfall, sea swells, wind and tropical storms. Analysis: With Hawaii’s economy being dependant on tourism and the main source of employment, it is important for DMOs ensure its attractions and services are maintained. The beaches are Hawaii’s most popular attractions but are in danger due to erosion and pollution. Erosion is a major environmental issue that affects many of Hawaii’s most famous beaches and is a natural phenomenon. However, the building of structures on the coastline and the formation of sea-walls can speed up the affects. This can impact on the marine life, coral reefs and water quality. As the most popular activities for tourists are based in natural surroundings, it is important to not only ensure the safety of tourists but to maintain the natural environment for future generations. In response, Hawaiian DMOs and environmental government organisations work closely to: educate visitors and residents, regulate what activities tourist can and cannot do in specific areas, organise beach clean-ups and plan beach maintenance strategies. SomeShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of Beach Burial1259 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Analysis of ‘Beach Burial’ Kenneth Slessor’s poignant poem, ‘Beach Burial’ contemplates on the improper and unfair burial that the Australian soldiers, who were at war with the Germans during World War 2, receive as a result of the fact that they could not get back home. 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Ultimately, the story portrays the idea of a utopia-like society taking a turn for the worst and becomingRead MoreDover Beach, An Analysis Essay1195 Words   |  5 Pages Dover Beach is located in England, on the eastern shores near France. It is also the setting, and title of a poem written by a well educated man named Matthew Arnold, who is well known as the first modern critic of poetry. According to an article in The Literary Encyclopedia, Arnold was a very spiritual person, but claimed poetry prevailed over philosophy, science, and religion, due to the principle that those things are based on facts, which can be proven wrong over time. The article also saidRead MoreThe Beach Carrier Case Analysis1010 Words   |  5 PagesMatthew Beringer ELE 3010 Parnell February 21, 2016 The Beach Carrier 1. What is the nature of the product? What are its strengths and weaknesses? The Beach Carrier is a bag that is large enough to carry all the items that one needs for a day at the beach. 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Pre-Modernity In Shakespeares The Tempest - 1005 Words

The transition from pre-modernity to modernity is even now, an ongoing process. William Shakespeare’s play The Tempest (1611), takes place between the late middle ages and early modern period. In the play, Prospero, the rightful Duke of Milan, has been exiled from his home and sent to an uninhabited island with his three year old daughter, Miranda. With his knowledge of sorcery, Prospero is able to conjure up a storm and bring forth his enemies who are traveling by sea. Although the play is written in the modern era, it reflects on both pre-modernity and modernity. Prospero portrays concerns and characteristics of pre-modernity by enslaving Ariel and Caliban through social stratification. In contrast to that, because Miranda does not have†¦show more content†¦ARIEL. I do not, sir. PROSPERO. Thou liest, malignant thing! Hast thou forgot The foul witch Sycorax, who with age and envy Was grown into a hoop? hast thou forgot her? (1.2.244-59). The issue focused on here is Ariel’s bound duties to serve Prospero. In the pre-modern era it is common for the upper class to look down on an inferior group of people. In this case, although Prospero does not verbally admit that Ariel is his servant, he does guilt Ariel into believing his actions are permissible. In relation to that, Prospero performs similar practices on Caliban. However, Prospero’s power to govern Caliban is of slight difference when considering the act of guilt. Because Caliban is the son of Sycorax and the Devil, this results in Prospero disparaging him. With Prospero’s power and level of hierarchy, Caliban is degraded and portrayed as only partly human. Emphasized in the play is the representation of pre-modernity, however, that could be a result of character choice. Noticeably, all the characters except for one are men. Nonetheless, the idea of modernity does make its way into the play through Prospero’s daughter, Miranda. Being an era full of enlightenment and art, modernity is a rising time for entertainment. A time in which art began depicting individuals as subjective creations. A time in which philosophy evoked new ideas and modified perception. A time in which the divine begins disconnecting from rationality. A time

Essay Cold War Social Changes free essay sample

What social changes were produces to citizens in the United States during the Cold War? The Cold War began because of a debate between two world superpowers, the United States and the USSR. The USSR functioned as Communist government and the United States operated with Capitalism. After the United States ended up winning the Cold War and the Soviet Union collapsed, the United States became the only world superpower and still is today. That makes huge social change in American society. Social movements begin to appear, which fought for self-determination and equality The personal is political. (Joan D. 2012) That’s a phrase that represents the new social change in US during the 60s and 70s; the Womens Liberation Movement was one of them. During the 60s, women were refuse leadership positions and activities were denied and they didn’t have any recognition earned. By the middle of 1960s, women start to react and convince themselves to protest for their rights. We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Cold War Social Changes or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page First in the civil rights movement, with a statement written by Mary King and Casey Hayden, and in the anti-war movement ‘‘women radicals began to demand equity and respect as activists. ’ According to Reich, Western civilization, or capitalism government, had made people ask and wonder about sexual morality. However, thanks to various modern social and scientific organizations or groups, sexuality will be for the first time a source of information and will bring full human autonomy. The first birth control pill, went on the market in  1960. According to Nancy L, five years later, 6 million American women were on the Pill. Teenagers or young adults were the true warriors on this sexual revolution. They were the once who took their sexuality into their own hands. The  hippie  was an originally subculture across the  United States  during the 60s. They for the first time experience the largest uncontrolled epidemic with drugs of all times. Youll dig it, its groovy.   Was the excuse for them to consume all kind of drugs and get high. They think that you were made to enjoy life to the limit, with no regrets. That was freedom for them. Another big movement that hippies start to support was the gay marriage. People start to feel with more liberty to choose with whom they want to spend their life. The law may not consider their marriages legitimate, but the couples that married certainly did. Capitalism message is: be free and expose yourself. To be or do whatever you want to do, as long as you don’t violate the right of others. The right of other is the natural limit of your freedom. In contrast, in socialism the state determines which behaviors are approved or not thinking in the ‘‘common good’’. Cohen, N. L. (20 de February de 2013). How the Sexual Revolution Changed America Forever. Obtenido de Alternet: http://www. alternet. org/story/153969/how_the_sexual_revolution_changed_america_forever Holz, M. (20 de February de 2012). Whatever Happened to the Sexual Revolution? Obtenido de Processedworld: http://www. processedworld. com/Issues/issue18/i18what. htm Mandle, J. D. (20 de February de 2013). How Political is the Personal? : Identity Politics, Feminism and Social Change. Obtenido de WMST-L: http://userpages. umbc. edu/~korenman/wmst/identity_pol. html sexology, M. h. (20 de February de 2013). THE SEXUAL REVOLUTION. Obtenido de Magnus hirschfeld archive for sexology: http://www2. hu-berlin. de/sexology/ATLAS_EN/html/the_sexual_revolution. html Stone, S. (20 de February de 2012). Hippies amp; Drugs. Obtenido de Hipplanet. : http://www. hipplanet. com/books/atoz/drugs. htm

The Quotation We Are The Cause Of Our Own Obstacles, By

The quotation We are the cause of our own obstacles, by Meister Eckhart is very representative of how life is. The quotation means that the problems in ones life are caused by that persons actions. I partially belief this statement because I belief that yes, your actions affect you, they also affect other people as well, causing problems for them that they did not bring on themselves. If I decide to put a coin on a railroad track, when the train comes it will derail. Sure I may go to jail for my actions which shows that I brought the trouble to myself, but it also affects the people who were on the train. It was not their fault that I put the coin on the track and because of me, I possibly killed or hurt many people. In this example, I have caused some minor obstacles for myself, but have caused monumental obstacles for the people riding the train and also their family and relatives. Arthur Miller illustrates this interpretation of the quotation in All My Sons. In this play, Joe Keller ships some cracked cylinder heads during the war and they are placed in some planes. The planes crash and kill twenty-one men. Joe Keller does go to jail for a little but he is set free because he was not at the shop when the heads were shipped. Instead he had his partner, Steve Deever, send the cylinder heads and Joe stayed home to maintain an alibi. Steve, however, is punished much more severely. He was charged with the crime and was sent to prison because he was the actual one who gave the order. This shows how Joe Keller's actions didnt really effect him much. It affected all the ones who were killed and their families. It also affected Steve Deever and his family. In the process of punishing others with his actions, Joe also affected his son Larry. Larry couldnt belief what his father had done. To punish his father and make him see what he had done wrong, Larry kills himself. This action shows Joe the error in what he did. He finally realizes that there is more in life than family and money. He realizes that his actions killed his son and many other peoples sons. Therefore Joe sees that his responsibility to his country and society makes all the boys that died all his sons. Sure, he was my son. But I think to him they were all my sons. After realizing the damage he has caused Joe cannot deal with his tremendous guilt. He commits suicide, once again not dealing with the problem but causing problems for other people as Joes family must now cope with the death of Larry and Joe. In this play Arthur Miller uses several literary elements to present the story. He provides the basic theme that there are things bigger than family. He uses extreme cases of irony to prove this. When Joe says, If Larry was alive he wouldnt act like this. He understood the way the world is made. He listened to me. To him the world had a forty-foot front, it ended at the building line. This is ironic because Larry doesnt understand Joes actions. He instead sacrifices himself to show Joe the error in his ways. Its also very ironic when Joe says, Thats the only way you lick em is guts! because Joe has no guts. Even in the way he dies he does not have the guts to do the right thing. The author also uses foreshadowing as a preamble of what is gonna happen. Theres nothin he could do that I wouldnt forgive. Because hes my son. Because Im his father and hes my sonNothins bigger than that. And youre goin to tell him, you understand? Im his father and hes my son, and if theres something bigg er than that Ill put a bullet in my head! In conclusion, All My Sons is the perfect illustration of my opinion that ones actions affect everyone including yourself. This work installs the view that ones actions influence more than one person and that ones responsibility to society requires that person to think unselfishly to

Charles Dickens Great Expectations Essay Example

Charles Dickens Great Expectations Essay Example Charles Dickens Great Expectations Paper Charles Dickens Great Expectations Paper Essay Topic: Great Expectations In The Go-Between social status often defines the behaviour of the characters towards each other. Judgement is made on appearances, property and title, as this is seen as a reliable indicator of the quality of an individuals character. In this way, Marian and Teds relationship may be seen in some way as liberating, as they love each other regardless of social status and Marian without attention to the superficial country life in which she so actively takes part. In Great Expectations, Dickens presents a society where class and status do define attitudes and relationships. Yet Dickens, through successive examples, provides evidence that this is neither an effective nor fair judge of a persons calibre, and that an enlightened society would recognise the value of individuals by who they are, not simply in terms of monetary worth. Moreover, Hartley chooses to tell The Go-Between largely from the perspective of a shy, nervous, emotionally charged, vulnerable, boy whose school seems to have denied him the expression of his childhood, consequentially leaving his wild imagination to warp events and remain oblivious to the reality of his treatment. Leos childhood innocence portrayed as green naivety by Marcus and Marion. Despite this, Leo remains loyal to the upper classes until and even at the end, agreeing to be the messenger boy one last time; he remains subservient to the assumptions of class and status, even in there deteriorated, degenerate state a the close. On the other hand, Dickens tells Great Expectations from the point of view of Pip, a social upstart unprepared to merely accept his lot, instead aspiring to a way of life he is below. Pip would have remained contented in his naivety of social inequality, as even he said. Yet for Dickens, naivety is not a defence for the maintenance of the existing social order, as how can you be truly free if innocent of the truth? Although Pip is also nai ve, and the revealing and revolution of Pip from such does not do his character any good; Dickens may argue this Pip is more a product of the effect of existing social and class assumptions, that Gentleman must remain aloof. At the end, Pip is changed, his links with the working and lower classes in Magwitch and Joe have reformed him morally; the lower classes he distanced himself from have been his salvation. Once he stops daydreaming in the false reality of a match with Estella, understands and learns the lesson of what it is to be a real gentlemen as being beyond simple monetary value; he is able to understand the plot hes in and play an active role in changing it; in working out the mystery of Estellas parentage and trying to enable Magwitch to escape. Pip is no longer a slave to the class hierarchy and class assumptions, as shown by his sleeping in his own room at the forge again and working for his living; while Leo at the end of The Go-Between remains so chained. Dickens was a social reformist and self-made gentleman, who believed in universal education for all, and worked and campaigned to achieve this aim. In Great Expectations he may be seen to offer a stark criticism of an unequal society by implicating the world of the rich with that of the poor, arguing that the wealth, prosperity and comfort of the few is one supported by the poverty, struggle and suffering of the multitude. For example, Magwitch a convict, has the same lawyer as the affluent Miss. Havisham, in Jaggers; a morally repugnant character who is prepared to see a guilty murderess, Molly, become his housekeeper, while he is just as comfortable to see an innocent defendant locked up. For Dickens, the belief in irrevocable link between wealth and morality is tenuous to say the least, and Great Expectations challenges this widely held view. Dickens champions the Victorian work ethic that salvation and morality lie in hard-work. Dickens wished to shift the role of a gentleman to one of a gentle man; he wanted to shift the emphasis from one of a life of luxury, learning and polished manners, to one of a sense of duty and vocational commitment. Many of Dickens ideas even became integrated later into Disraelis paternalistic, one-nation conservatism. Nevertheless, Dickens may not wholly align himself with Burkes philosophy that Disraeli adopted: change in order to conserve. Dickens may be motivated by the attitude to change because it is right, rather than to change to conserve the existing social order. In The Go-Between Hartley presents a class based hierarchy under threat and challenged by a new society at the turn of the century. As in Great Expectations, Hartley also, like Dickens, uses retrospective first person narration, in The Go-Between to present a society in the novel very different from that which Leo rediscovers at the end. Although not a Bildungsroman as such, we see an event that changes the rest of Leos life. The use by both authors of retrospective narration enables them to present long-term change, Dickens in Pips transformation and Hartley in Societies, allowing the authors more scope for discussion of their viewpoints. Dickens uses Pips transformed view of society, and his place in it to put forward his position. Use of first-person narration in Great Expectations is a change from omniscient third person narration and is clever in lending immediacy to the action as we find out about events as the character does, we are not told in the retrospect. Dickens older narrator switches between detachment and involvement with the plot, at times stepping in to criticise his younger self with great gusto and censure. This is also used in The Go-Between, and along with Great Expectations, both narrators intrude into the novels narrative to at times criticise their past actions or build suspense and lend importance to a future event. In Great Expectations the Bildungsroman genre chosen by Dickens, follows a Pip transformed and shaped by the novels events, allowing him to portray a broad spectrum of society; from the landed estate of the wealthy Miss Havisham, the simple contentment of hard-working Joe at the forge, to the idle lifestyle of two gentlemen in the city. Dickens novel does not appear to discuss the aristocracy in great detail beyond the aspirations of Mrs. Pocket, instead focusing more on the lower classes with which Dickens was so fascinated. Hartley, unlike Dickens, choose to set his novel in the most part in the luxurious, aristocratic, setting of Brandham Hall. There is little plot elsewhere; there is a glimpse of a harsh, competitive, boarding school governed by strict rules of conduct, in which emotion is almost forbid and class and status govern how the boys deal with each other. Were through his curse on Jenkins and Strode, Leo earns the respect and increased status amongst his fellow pupils. The school itself is almost a hierarchy, with the strongest bullying the weakest, there appears to be some of Darwins survival of the fittest there. The boys admire strength and money, and live in fear of revealing emotion, seen as a weak frailty. It is Leos curse and the grand sounding name of his modest home; Court Place which he shares with his nervous, reticent, widowed mother, that gain him an invitation from The Maudsleys. Brandham Hall however, manages in some ways to cover a broader spectrum of society than Great Expectations display of country and city life. As although in essence, the focus is on the upper-echelons of society in the middle and upper classes, rather than those of lower status, whom we see but briefly in the cricket game and supper with the village. With Brandham Hall as his setting, Hartley is able to, and does, represent class distinction in action. Could it be that in the notable absence of regard for the lower classes in the world of the upper classes he is making a similar point to Dickens; that the wealth of the few is based on the exclusion of the many? For example, Triningham the gentleman farmer relies on the working farmer in Ted Burgess for his living, and that it is only on Leos return years later that he remembers the prettiest side to the house, when he was there he was more interested in the outhouses of the backyard. The distance between The Hall and The Village is separated not only by wealth and status, but also in the physical landscape there is distance between the two, which almost makes them appear to be separate entities or separate worlds. It is the impoverished middle class in Leo who makes easier the link between the two spheres, by being the messenger between Ted and Marion. This link; an abandonment of the rules that govern the hierarchical structure has devastating consequences, perhaps a warning from Hartley against abandoning the security and sense of place made known by the class structure for centuries. Clearly, Hartleys views on class and status are more ambiguous than those of Dickens, but overall I believe that Hartley conforms to class assumptions and tries to reaffirm the importance of class and status. Hartley, however, as we have and will see, has a very different approach to Dickens on the subject of class and status. Like Leo, Hartley seems to look with nostalgia on the long line of Viscount Trininghams, Hugh being the ninth of these, found engraved in the church. Set against the backdrop of the house of God, a sense of value is placed in the tradition and history that this image invokes. Perhaps even reflecting the feudal belief in Gods acquiescence and ordination of the nobilitys God-given right to rule. In Great Expectations there is no such argument present, church seems corrupted by its wealth and emphasis on social position and irrelevant to the working class people who attend every week, some more conscientiously than others. The lower classes such as Joe can not go as they are and as they are comfortable, appearance is important as a display of respect and diffidence. Dickens throughout the rest of the novel then attacks the superficiality of appearance as having any value or importance at all in the judgement of character. For Dickens there is no value in tradition for traditions sake; he was not an unbeliever, but wanted to transform the churches role from order and a means of class control but to real concern and compassion for the people. Dickens would attack appearance as either being a good basis on which to judge character or a good foundation on which to judge strength of Christian conviction. Hartley seems to admire the class distinctions found in church, while Dickens might view it as apposed to Christian belief. Dickens criticises those who aspire to titles as seen by his parody of the Pockets, while Hartley respects those who hold one such as Triningham, and criticises those who aspire to the lifestyle of those who want one in the Maudsleys. Triningham exemplifies all that was good about the aristocracy; gentle manners, grace and elegance, and treating Leo with the utmost kindness, whom he saves from embarrassment when explaining his title and when Leo is given an inappropriate tie. It is the middle class Marion who exploits and uses Leo, not Triningham, who makes it clear that Leo is a messenger for the Gods. Triningham is scarred from his patriotic fight during the lengthily and protracted Boer War, perhaps symbolic of a scarred, fatally flawed, yet loyal and patriotic, aristocracy. Trininghams early death may also foretell of doomed nobility, and in Marion, conquered by Ted, the working farmer, that in the future the lower classes will usurp the higher ones. This is again shown by the fact that the 10th and subsequent 11th Viscount Trininghams are descendants of Ted, not of Hugh, and so are illegitimate. The ancestral lineage has been broken. Whether or not this embodies the idea that the old aristocracy having survived, yet modified, by the events of a turbulent half-century and that the hierarchical order has prevailed even in the face of struggle; or whether this actually signifies a healthy merger of the classes (Anne Mulkeen) is a matter for debate. Some may argue that in the 11th Viscount Triningham we see an aristocracy besieged, and a shadow of what it once was. The 11th Viscount looks like Ted, a working farmer, and Leo notes none of Trininghams natural grace. The 11th Viscount avoids the past in Marion, rather than finding refuge and console in it as it may be seen that the 9th Viscount had, and the 11th is reduced to living in less that half the house, with the rest let to a girls school. While others may still see by the aristocracys survival, despite being found reduced in importance, as an enduring symbol of history and tradition and irrefutable evidence of its value. Even so, for Dickens, as found in Great Expectations aristocracy and the wealthy need to accept their place and duty toward wider society. Trininghams chivalric, but perhaps unreal sentiment that nothing is ever a Ladys fault is perhaps the reasoning behind his acceptance of a Marion already tainted by the touch of a man, saving her from disgrace, and explains his unsuspecting attitude before the relationship was revealed. Trininghams assumption of Marians innocence is charming, yet conceivably recognisable as ignorance. Marian seems to ridicule him almost, as even she admits his loyalty, whilst admitting that she was planning on carrying on her illicit affair with Ted whilst married to Triningham, and seeing his suicide as an expression of Teds weakness rather than of his accepting responsibility. Also Hartley portrays a caring, nervous and somewhat ineffective mother in Mrs. Colston, who perhaps fails to understand the boy she sees so little of. Tragically, if she had followed Leos confused intension in his instructions than the tragedy may have been averted, or at least Leo might not have lost his innocence and faith in the world of human emotions with which Ted explained his love for Marion and spooning. Presumably Triningham would not blame Mrs. Colston at all for Leos tragedy. Trininghams chivalry then is not rewarded and this outcome can perhaps be seen to be why Hartley may be criticising the destruction of good society. At the same time, Dickens aim in writing Great Expectations was to shift the meaning of being a Gentleman away from that of petty class distinction, polished manners and a life of leisure to one of social responsibility and vocational commitment; of gentlemen not just enjoying their position in society, but working to improve the position and welfare of others. This is shown by Pips dramatic transformation from Gentleman to gentle man, and the moral regeneration that is the result of Pip finding employment. Class and status are seemingly interlinked with, and the result of money from the start. The servants at Brandham are even deferential to Leo, who is not expected to pick up or fold his own clothes; Marcus even tells him not too! Leo is not rich in comparison to the Maudsleys but is in terms of society at the time, the social hierarchy must be obeyed. Hartley, in The Go-Between also presents the aspiring middle class in the Maudlseys whose social rise is the result of money. Although, arguably, Hartleys Maudsleys do not gain greatly from their rise, which contributes to the mental downfall of Mrs. Maudsley in Marions affair, with Denys and Marcus later dying in the Great War, the Maudsleys do not last, and it is a Triningham who holds possession of the house when Leo returns after his long absence. Despite the 11th Viscount being a descendent of Ted and Marion, the title has endured, the Maudsleys have not. Hartley thus argues that there is more to class distinction then money, more too aristocratic superiority than monetary wealth; indeed Triningham is less well off than the Maudsleys, however they still feel the need to defer to him, as if he were the head of the household. The Maudsleys not only feel insecure, but recognise Trininghams supremacy.

Biography of Pedro Flores, Father of the Yo-Yo

Biography of Pedro Flores, Father of the Yo-Yo Pedro Flores (April 26, 1896–December 1963) took what had been a Filipino weapon, and later a Filipino toy, and started manufacturing yo-yos in the United States. He soon became a self-made millionaire as the popularity of the toy skyrocketed. Indeed, the word yo-yo is a Tagalog word, the native language of the Philippines, and means come back. Fast Facts: Pedro Flores Known For: Introducing the yo-yo toy to the United States.Also Known As: Pedro Edralin FloresBorn: April 26, 1896 in Vintarilocos,  PhilippinesDied: December 1963 in Santa Barbara, CaliforniaEducation: University of California, Berkeley, Hastings College of LawSpouse: Edria Myers (m. June 6, 1931–December 1963)Children: Delmar Walters (stepson)Notable Quote: I am more interested in teaching children to use the yo-yos than I am in manufacturing of yo-yos. Early Years Flores was born on April 26, 1895, in Vintarilocos Norte, Philippines. He immigrated with his family to the United States in 1915, later studying law at the University of California Berkeley and the Hastings College of Law in San Francisco. Flores Edria Myers on June 6, 1931. They were married until Flores died. Flores never completed his law degree and began his yo-yo business while working as a bellboy. From Weapon to Toy In the Philippines, the yo-yo was a weapon for over 400 years. The weaponized version featured large, sharp edges, and studs and attached to thick, 20-foot ropes for flinging at enemies or prey. Later, a form of the yo-yo, which had originated in China, became a popular toy in Europe and Asia. Flores had played with these toy yo-yos as a child- they were called bandalores at the time- and felt there might be a market for the toy in the U.S. Yo-Yo Manufacturing Company In 1928, Flores started the Yo-Yo Manufacturing Company in Santa Barbara. Flores began making yo-yos by hand for neighborhood children, but soon, James and Daniel Stone of Los Angeles financed machinery for the mass their production. Within a year, Flores was selling 300,000 yo-yos annually. On July 22, 1930, Flores trademarked the term Yo-Yo. Eventually, Donald F. Duncan Sr., who founded the Duncan Toy Company in 1929, took notice of the popularity of yo-yos. He bought the rights to the trademark and company from Flores that same year for $750,000. Promoting the Yo-Yo Flores stayed active and helped Duncan promote the yo-yo in the early years of the product. Particularly in 1931 and 1932, Flores staged yo-yo contests in various cities around the country. These contests featured yo-yo tricks, which became popular over the years, such as the sleeper, where the yo-yo seems to spin in place at the end of its string, or the walk the dog, where the practitioner seemingly gets the yo-yo to walk/roll along the ground and then return. Death Flores died in December 1963 in Coshocton, Ohio, where he had lived for more than two decades. He is buried in the South Lawn Cemetery in Coshocton. Legacy By 1962, Duncan Toys had sold 45 million yo-yos in the U.S. Three years later, the company went bankrupt. Flambeau Plastics Company (today Flambeau Inc.), acquired the rights to the yo-yo, and today it manufactures and sells the 11 different models of yo-yos (as of April 2018) still under the name of the Duncan Toys Company, which operates as a Flambeau subsidiary. Since Flores brought the toy to the U.S. decades ago, the yo-yo has become deeply ingrained in the culture of the country. For example, in 1968, Abbie Hoffman was cited for contempt of Congress for walking the dog in an effort to entertain the House Subcommittee on Un-American Activities that was investigating him, and Richard Nixon made headlines when he used a yo-yo on stage at the opening of the Grand Ole Opry in Nashville in 1974. Sources Findagrave.com.History Of The Yo-Yo.  Museum of Yo-Yo History.ï » ¿Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Pedro Flores Story | The Character Network.†Ã‚  The Character Network RSS.Revolvy, LLC. â€Å"‘Pedro Flores (Inventor) on Revolvy.com.†Ã‚  Revolvy.

Critical Issues in Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Critical Issues in Design - Essay Example In ancient societies only a few stratums of society could afford consumerism while after the Industrial Revolution nearly everyone in affluent societies could afford to buy in excess of their needs. These changes in consumption are a direct result of technological progress as well as changes in human attitudes over the years. The focus of this text will be directed to the human factors responsible for consumption and the nature of those factors. While referring to either consumption or consumerism it must be kept in mind that the more affluent stratums of society define the standards of consumption. The trends and consumption patterns displayed by these groups tend to trickle down into the rest of society. For example, fashion in clothes and foot wear is defined by the affluent sections of society such as celebrities, designers, socialites etc. but all stratums of society tend to follow these patterns. The real issue to consider here is why these trends are followed and whether the c ausations are active or passive in nature. It is pertinent here to define active and passive so that their use in this text is clarified. Active engagement refers to the participation of members of society in a manner such that they define their own identities and the conglomeration of these identities forms social structures. In contrast passive engagement refers to the participation of members of society in a manner such that their choices and will are dictated by certain individuals and groups. The formed identities are a reflection of the affluent individuals’ and groups’ desires and the resulting social structure reflects this strongly. Consumption is also affected by active and passive engagement of the society’s members. The resulting consumption patterns can be taken as independent consumption decisions for active engagement and influenced consumption decisions for passive consumption. The state of consumption in contemporary society is important in deci phering if consumption is actually an active or a passive phenomenon. The start of the nineties signaled a new era of consumerism. More and more people began attending colleges to make more money rather than to become experts in their relevant fields or to help others out. This change can be related closely to the overbearing influence of materialism on people’s everyday lives. The advent of the digital age brought an array of new products as well as the reduction in cost to purchase them. This influence was also helped out by the expansion of communication that brought these new products into the focus of nearly all stratums of society. These changes in turn affected prevalent culture directly and Madeline Levine criticizes this change in cultural values by remarking that this was â€Å"a shift away from values of community, spirituality, and integrity, and towards competition, materialism and disconnection.†1 Sensing this change businesses have also realized that the best targets of marketing are wealthy and affluent consumers. The choices and preferences of the more affluent consumers tend to trickle down and become standards for other consumers. The less affluent consumers tend to purchase new commodities and services to provide instant gratification and to create symbols that speak of their affluence in respect to society. This also indicates that both active and passive

The History of Nursing and the Educational Preparation of Nurses Research Paper - 1

The History of Nursing and the Educational Preparation of Nurses - Research Paper Example This statement prompted General George Washington to request from the Continental Congress for the supply of a matron to supervise the bedding and â€Å"the supply of one nurse for every ten patients. General Washington also requested that a matron is allotted to every hundred sick or wounded (Army, 2011). Many women volunteered to serve as nurses during the Civil War. Women served as nurses in both the Union and Confederate Armies. During the Civil war, Dorothea Lynde Dix was named Superintendent of Nurses for the Union forces. In the outbreak of the Spanish American War, Dr. Anita Newcombe McGee was named Supervisor in Charge of selecting the new female graduates to serve in the Armed Forces. These nurses were known as contract nurses. The Army Nurse Corps was formed on February 2, 1901, as a permanent unit in the US Army Medical Department. These nursing opportunities called for a high level of health care competency. In WWI, Bessie Smith was appointed to General John J. Pershing to oversee the nursing activities in the Army Medical Department. Bessie S. Smith formed the Army School of Nursing, which became an important relief resource during the Influenza pandemic of 1918 (Army, 2011). In 1916, a standard uniform was recommended for American nurses. This recommendation came from the American Nursing Association. These nursing uniforms became symbolic of American nurses. As the twentieth century continued, many nurses came to be identified by the blue uniform. Many American women were only able to find gainful employment as nurses in the beginning of the twentieth century (DeChesnay & Anderson, 2007). Many nurses were trained in university settings.  

Curriculum Alignment Research Suggests That Alignment Can Improve Student Achievement Essay Example for Free

Curriculum Alignment Research Suggests That Alignment Can Improve Student Achievement Essay Alignment is a match between two categories and Curriculum describes what gets taught (Squires, 2012). Curriculum alignment attempts to put to maximum effect the relationship among three categories; namely the taught curriculum, the written curriculum, and the test curriculum. It shows how the above can be used to improve student achievement thus explaining how the design for a curriculum can be aligned to state standards and state specifications for effective instructional process (Squires, 2012). This article serves to provide a backup into a curriculum design that makes sure what is tested gets taught. It also shows the difficulty that is encountered in in having numerous assessment standards and seeks a way to eliminate the challenge and secondly a specific curriculum can be potentially aligned to more than one standard. From this article, we get to find from Balance curriculum that when a curriculum is properly aligned, student achievement and performance improves. According to Squires (2012), when taught curriculum is aligned to written standards, there is increased, strong and positive student achievement. Squires (2012) showed textbook studies fostered a limited range of learning strategies such that the emphasis is frequently on problem solving rather than learning by reading, discussion and argument in order to acquire the knowledge to solve a problem of one’s own choosing. Squires (2012) showed that textbooks may not be well aligned to state tests and it would be prudent for the school districts to identify the gaps and provide the teachers with materials to cover the gaps. In order to align the state tests (test curriculum) to state standards (written curriculum), Marzano came up with a benchmark for comparing all state and national professional association standards to each other and created a website where the same could be achieved for instance, Archives (www.aligntoachieve.com) provided four criteria for alignment of textbooks to standards that are; content, performance, level of difficulty and balance and range. From above we also find there is constraint in testing time where only a limited number of concepts can be assessed effectively (Squires, 2012). From (Third International Mathematics and Science Studies) TIMSS study findings, it is significant to note that the content of a country’s’ curriculum affects student achievement and that for student learning, the extent of opportunities to learn will depend on the time the teacher spends on the topic which translates to greater performance. A district must control time and content covered at a specific time if the results are to improve of which it is the function of the curriculum. The districts can assist in aligning, structuring, implementing and assessing the curriculum (Squires, 2012). Reference Squires, D. A. (2012), Curriculum Alignment Research Suggests That Alignment Can Improve Student Achievement, London, Routledge. Source document

The Character Quoyle in Annie Proulxs The Shipping News Essay example

"The greatest barrier to success is the fear of failure" - Sven Goran Eriksson. Success is an achievement in life which most people would be appreciative towards, but failure is looked upon in a disgraceful manner. People in society tend to face many challenges that occur in their daily lives. Some of these challenges can affect their lives dramatically in a positive or negative way. If one decides not to surmount their challenges they will suffer within themselves for a long period of time. Having confidence within is considered the greatest way to overcome suffering in life. In the novel, The Shipping News, by Annie Proulx, Quoyle deals with many difficult challenges along his life journey by suffering from bad childhood experiences which led him to have a low self confidence, which later on affected him in adulthood as well. All of Quoyle?s life decisions at first were base on him listening to others and continuing life suffering through it day by day but afterwards in the novel n ear the end, he experiences happiness for the first time. If someone is unable to overcome their bad experiences and fears in the past then they cannot be successful in the future. Also, a person should be strong and have faith in themselves to overcome their fears to fain the joy and happiness in their life. The modern day hero is distinguished as a hero with both successes and failures. A hero?s successes are determined by the hero?s power within themselves to overcome fears and obstacles and failures are determined by the hero?s weak point or flaw which leads to their predicted downfall and portrays them as an atypical hero. A hero can be depicted as an atypical hero at first but can still gain the success and happiness they longed for in the end. .. ...ek we had the sawmill story, story on the new National Historic Park in Misky Bay, demonstration over foreign high electric rates, the shrimp processor?s strike ? good, solid local stories ? and we had to camp ?em in very hard. No pix. I mean, it would be different if it was real ads.? (Proulx, 292) This confirms Quoyle is beginning to get stronger within as an adult. The Gammy Bird newspaper always had violence in it such as the car wrecks, sexual assaults, thefts etc. There would never be any good news in their newspaper and that is what Quoyle wanted and he said how he felt towards the situation and that was a big step for him because he usually lets others make their guidelines for him. Now the newspaper can have good news in it such as a Lifestyle section for people to enjoy reading and it was all because of Quoyle putting his mind, effort and courage into it.

Test Cricket

Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of 11 players on a field at the centre of which is a rectangular 22-yard long pitch. Each team takes it in turn to bat, attempting to score runs, while the other team fields. Each turn is known as an innings. The bowler delivers the ball to the batsman who attempts to hit the ball with his bat far enough for him to run to the other end of the pitch and score a run. Each batsman continues batting until he is out. The batting team continues batting until ten batsmen are out, at which point the teams switch roles and the fielding team comes in to bat.In professional cricket the length of a game ranges from 20 overs of six bowling deliveries per side toTest cricket played over five days. The Laws of Cricket are maintained by the International Cricket Council (ICC) and the Marylebone Cricket Club(MCC) with additional Standard Playing Conditions for Test matches and One Day Internationals. [1]Cricket was first played in southern Engla nd in the 16th century. By the end of the 18th century, it had developed into the national sport of England.The expansion of the British Empire led to cricket being played overseas and by the mid-19th century the first international matches were being held. The ICC, the game's governing body, has 10 full members. [2]The game is most popular in Australasia, England, the Indian subcontinent, the West Indies and Southern Africa. History Main article: History of cricketEarly cricket was at some time or another described as â€Å"a club striking a ball (like) the ancient games of club-ball, stool-ball, trap-ball, stob-ball†. [3] Cricket can definitely be traced back to Tudor times in early 16th-century England.Written evidence exists of a game known as creag being played by Prince Edward, the son of Edward I (Longshanks), at Newenden, Kent in 1301[4] and there has been speculation, but no evidence, that this was a form of cricket. A number of other words have been suggested as sou rces for the term â€Å"cricket†. In the earliest definite reference to the sport in 1598,[5] it is called creckett. Given the strong medieval trade connections between south-east England and the County of Flanders when the latter belonged to the Duchy of Burgundy, the name may have been derived from the Middle Dutch[6] krick(-e), meaning a stick(crook); or the Old English cricc or cryce meaning a crutch or staff. [7] In Old French, the word criquetseems to have meant a kind of club or stick. [8] InSamuel Johnson's Dictionary, he derived cricket from â€Å"cryce, Saxon, a stick†. [9] Another possible source is the Middle Dutch word krickstoel, meaning a long low stool used for kneeling in church and which resembled the long low wicket with twostumps used in early cricket.According to Heiner Gillmeister, a European language expert of Bonn University, â€Å"cricket† derives from the Middle Dutch phrase for hockey, met de (krik ket)sen (i. e. , â€Å"with the stic k chase†). [11] Dr Gillmeister believes that not only the name but the sport itself is of Flemish origin. [12]The first English touring team on board ship atLiverpool in 1859The earliest definite reference to cricket being played in England (and hence anywhere) is in evidence given at a 1598 court case which mentions that â€Å"creckett† was played on common land inGuildford, Surrey, around 1550.The court in Guildford heard on Monday, 17 January 1597 (Julian date, equating to the year 1598 in the Gregorian calendar) from a 59 year-old coroner,John Derrick, who gave witness that when he was a scholar at the â€Å"Free School at Guildford†, fifty years earlier, â€Å"hee and diverse of his fellows did runne and play [on the common land] at creckett and other plaies. â€Å"[13][14] It is believed that it was originally a children's game but references around 1610[14]indicate that adults had started playing it and the earliest reference to inter-parish or village c ricketoccurs soon afterwards.In 1624, a player calledJasper Vinall was killed when he was struck on the head during a match between two parish teams in Sussex. [15]During the 17th century, numerous references indicate the growth of cricket in the south-east of England. By the end of the century, it had become an organised activity being played for high stakes and it is believed that the first professionals appeared in the years following the Restoration in 1660. A newspaper report survives of â€Å"a great cricket match† with eleven players a side that was played for high stakes in Sussex in 1697 and this is the earliest known reference to a cricket match of such importance.The game underwent major development in the 18th century and became the national sport of England. Betting played a major part in that development with rich patrons forming their own â€Å"select XIs†. Cricket was prominent in London as early as 1707 and large crowds flocked to matches on the Artill ery Ground in Finsbury. The single wicket form of the sport attracted huge crowds and wagers to match. Bowling evolved around 1760 when bowlers began to pitch the ball instead of rolling or skimming it towards the batsman.This caused a revolution in bat design because, to deal with the bouncing ball, it was necessary to introduce the modern straight bat in place of the old â€Å"hockey stick† shape. TheHambledon Club was founded in the 1760s and, for the next 20 years until the formation of MCC and the opening of Lord's Old Ground in 1787, Hambledon was both the game's greatest club and its focal point. MCC quickly became the sport's premier club and the custodian of the Laws of Cricket.New Laws introduced in the latter part of the 18th century included the three stump wicket and leg before wicket (lbw). Don Bradman of Australia had a Test average of 99. 94 and an overall first-class average of 95. 14, records unmatched by any other player. [16]The 19th century saw underarm b owling replaced by first roundarm and then overarm bowling. Both developments were controversial. Organisation of the game at county level led to the creation of the county clubs, starting with Sussex CCC in 1839, which ultimately formed the official County Championship in 1890.Meanwhile, the British Empire had been instrumental in spreading the game overseas and by the middle of the 19th century it had become well established in India, North America, the Caribbean, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. In 1844, the first international cricket match took place between theUnited States and Canada (although neither has ever been ranked as a Test-playing nation). Sachin Tendulkar of Indiawas rated by Wisden Cricketers' Almanack in 2002 as the second greatest Test batsman of all time, behind Don Bradman.In 1859, a team of England players went on the first overseas tour (to North America). The first Australian team to tour overseas was a team ofAboriginal stockmen who travelled to Eng land in 1868 to play matches against county teams. [17] In 1862, an English team made the first tour of Australia and in 1876–77, an England team took part in the first-ever Test match at the Melbourne Cricket Ground against Australia. W. G. Grace started his long career in 1865; his career is often said to have revolutionised the sport.The rivalry between England and Australia gave birth to The Ashes in 1882 and this has remained Test cricket's most famous contest[citation needed]. Test cricket began to expand in 1888–89 when South Africa played England. The last two decades before the First World War have been called the â€Å"Golden Age of cricket†. It is a nostalgic name prompted by the collective sense of loss resulting from the war, but the period did produce some great players and memorable matches, especially as organised competition at county and Test level developed.The inter-war years were dominated by one player: Australia's Don Bradman, statisticall y the greatest batsman of all time. It was the determination of the England team to overcome his skill that brought about the infamous Bodyline series in 1932–33, particularly from the accurate short-pitched bowling of Harold Larwood. Test cricket continued to expand during the 20th century with the addition of the West Indies, India, and New Zealand before the Second World War and then Pakistan, Sri Lanka, andBangladesh in the post-war period.However, South Africa was banned from international cricket from 1970 to 1992 because of its government's apartheidpolicy. Cricket entered a new era in 1963 when English counties introduced the limited overs variant. As it was sure to produce a result, limited overs cricket was lucrative and the number of matches increased. The first Limited Overs International was played in 1971. The governing International Cricket Council(ICC) saw its potential and staged the first limited overs Cricket World Cup in 1975. In the 21st century, a new li mited overs form, Twenty20, has made an immediate impact.

Mung Beans

Abstract The Seeds of Mung bean, wheat, and silver beet were tested in environments of differing salinities to note down if high salinity environments were worse for the seeds. It was found that generally lower concentrations were better for germination then higher concentrations. Despite this, the hypothesis was not completely supported as in wheat and silver beet the second concentration had a higher rate of germination than the control and in all instances the highest concentration had a higher germination rate than the second highest concentration. Introduction Salinity refers to salt dissolved in a substance such as water or soil. Different plants have differing levels of salt tolerance, due to certain adoptions to specific environments. If a plant is not adapted to high salinity areas, they can be very detrimental to them. This is due to the process of osmosis. Osmosis is the process that occurs when there are differing concentrations between the inside and outside of a cell (Etomica, 2010). The reason that solutions can travel through a cell is due to its cell membrane, which is a semi-permeable, meaning that only some things and not others can pass through it (Purchon, N, 2000). If there is a higher concentration on the outside of the cell than on the inside of the cell then it is referred to as hypotonic. When this happens, water flows from outside the cell into it, and the cell starts to swell. When the cell swells it is said to be turgid, which means swollen and hard (Etomica, 2010). In plant cells there is a cell wall which prevents these cells from bursting, and when the internal and external pressures become equal the ‘turgor pressure’ prevents the cell from taking in any more water (Etomica, 2010). If the concentration is higher on the inside, however, than it is referred to as hypertonic. When a cell is in a hypertonic solution, water from the inside of the cell will travel out of the cell (Etomica, 2010). When this happens, the cell is said to be ‘flaccid’, and when this happens the cytoplasm of the cell, which is the organelle of a cell concerned with the storage of water, pulls away from the cell walls in a process known as plasmolysis (Etomica, 2010). If there is an equal concentration on both the inside and outside of the cell than it has reached a ‘dynamic equilibrium’ and is referred to as isotonic, ‘incipient plasmolysis’ occurs . Incipient means about to be, meaning that it is in-between being turgid and being plasmolysed (Etomica, 2010). If a fully sprouted plant is in an isotonic solution, then a plant droops because it is not turgid enough to hold itself up (Etomica, 2010). High salinity environments can be bad for plants not adapted to them because their cells become flaccid. This is because the concentration of water in a high salinity environment is relatively low, meaning that water diffuses from inside the cell outwards, and eventually can deprive a cell completely from water (Etomica, 2010). The effects of high salinity environments on plants are an especially large problem in Australia. This is because, over millions of years, salt has been taken from the sea in the form of salt water, and deposited over the Australian landscape in the form of rain (DENR SA, 2010). This salt has stayed even deposited through soil for millions of years due to the native plants living in it, but with the plantation of introduced crops has become a large problem. In deep-rooted, native plants, when rainfall occurs, a large amount of water is taken up through the roots from the soil, resulting in no difference to the environment. However, with introduced, shallow-rooted plants, less water is taken up through the roots. Because less water is taken up, more water remains, and when the water evaporates from the soil, salt which has been low below ground for millions of years is brought to the surface, surrounding these new plants and depriving them of further water (DENR SA, 2010). This process can be made worse by the irrigation of crops, which result in more water soaking into the soil and thus more water to evaporate and carry salt to the soil’s surface (DENR SA, 2010). An example of a plant adapted to high salinity environments is the mangrove. The mangrove is a halophilous plant, meaning that it is a plant that grows in saline soils and waters (Conservancy Association, 2010). This gives it an advantage as not many plants can live in these conditions. The mangrove handles these high salinity conditions in a number of methods. The first method is through salt exclusion, which is the process the mangrove uses to prevent salt from entering its roots and therefore stopping it being transported to the plant cells (Conservancy Association, 2010). Despite this, some salt still gets through to the cells, and there are more methods to deal with it. With mangroves such as the Black Mangrove, salt can be excreted through its tissues, through specific salt glands (Conservancy Association, 2010). Another method is the storage of this salt on the leaves of the plant, in the form of crystals. These leaves then drop to the ground, taking this salt with them (Conservancy Association, 2010). The germination of mangroves is also a process specifically adapted to high salinity conditions. A mangrove seed begins to develop before it is dropped to the ground from the plant, to improve its chances of survival once it is dropped (Conservancy Association, 2010). As a mangrove is surrounded by water, when a seed drops it will start floating, as the seed coat starts to shed. The speed at which this coat sheds depends on how ideal the conditions are for it, as it will fall off slowly if it is in a high or low salinity environment (Conservancy Association, 2010). The best environment for a mangrove seedling is one of a combination of sea and fresh water. If the environment has a high temperature then the process is also quickened (Conservancy Association, 2010). Finding the right environment fairly quickly is important as a mangrove seed can only stay alive a few days, before it needs to implant (Conservancy Association, 2010). In this extended experimental investigation, the germination process of the seeds of mung beans, wheat, and silver beet in differing saline environments are tested to see how high salinity environments can affect plants. Mung beans can grow in both moist and dry environments, and can survive very dry drought conditions if necessary (Jefferson Institute, 2010). Despite this, they are not well adapted to high salinity conditions. Silver beet seeds are also adapted to a wide range of climates, although prefer cool, dry areas to germinate (Primefacts, 2009). Silver beet seeds have some tolerance to saline conditions, but not much tolerance during the germination process (Primefacts, 2009). There are over a thousand different kinds of wheat, whose seeds once again can survive well in drought-like conditions, but are relatively unadapted to saline environments (Shipard, I, 2009). Ten of each of these seeds will be put into five differing solutions. The solutions consist of a control solution, being a distilled water solution with no salt, a solution of 4. 375g/L of salt, a solution of 8. 75g/L of salt, a solution of 17. 5g/L of salt, and a solution of 35g/L of salt, being the average salinity of sea

Animal Farm Essay 11 Essays

Animal Farm Essay 11 Essays Animal Farm Essay 11 Essay Animal Farm Essay 11 Essay Essay Topic: Animal Farm Arguable Task Four: Written production essay Tina Youssef Book authors don’t just write texts for the benefit and pleasure to those who read it. However, they write texts to convey a particular message towards their intended audience. Through the use of certain themes which they construct, authors of texts are able to effectively develop these themes using the techniques of propaganda and the satirical and allegorical representations of certain characters. In the self-proclaimed novel, ‘Animal Farm’, the author George Orwell uses his allegorical farm to symbolise the communist system. Animal farm was published at the beginning of World War II, in England in 1945 and in the United States in 1946. George Orwell wrote the book during the war as a cautionary fable in order to expose the seriousness of the dangers posed by the totalitarian government. The novel ‘Animal Farm’ centres on a group of animals, who decide to fulfil Old Major’s dream of a rebellion and drive out Mr Jones, in an attempt to run the farm themselves with the pigs in control. Orwell personifies the animals in the tradition of the allegory so that they symbolise real historical figures. One of Orwell’s main messages is about how the ability to change and twist language can contribute to the abuse of power. Orwell effectively constructs this theme through the allegorical characterisations of the pigs, propaganda techniques and satire. In Animal Farm, the pigs gradually twist and distort their way into the minds of the other animals to justify their behaviours through the use of persuasive speeches which in turn are unanswerable and unarguable leaving them in the dark. Squealer, a strong-minded pig is well-known among the other animals. As one of the main allegorical characters in the novel, Orwell uses Squealer to criticize the dictators of the communist system. Like Stalin, he is able to persuade people to believe him willingly. Squealer is known to ‘turn black into white’, especially in his lively speeches where he is known to incorporate bad situations into good situations. The animals of the farm lovingly embrace Old Major’s dream to start a rebellion after Major dies. However, soon after his death, the pigs gradually twist his words of wisdom into words of the abuse of power. As a result, the animals are unable to oppose the strong words of the pigs; however they do not oppose the ideas of the rebellion. Squealers speech on milk and apples in particular is a great example of how the abuse of language contributes to the abuse of power. Squealer argues that the milk and apples must be taken to preserve their health, containing substances which are absolutely necessary for the well-being of a pig. The following major techniques of propaganda are successfully used in Squealers speech on milk and apples to persuade the animals to believe him including inclusive language, lying and identifying the enemy. Squealer uses the technique inclusive language in the quote ‘it is for your sake that we drink that milk and eat those apples’ (pg. 25). Here Squealer creates a sense of unity amongst the animals in the farm effectively explaining to them that most of the things they do is for their sake. Therefore, the animals are naive as they believe Squealer and the rest of the pigs health is dependent on them and so therefore they are willing to allow the pigs to preserve the milk and apples for themselves. The technique lying is used in the quote ‘you do not imagine, I hope, that we pigs are doing this in a spirit of selfishness and privilege? (pg. 25). Here squealer insists that they are not preserving the milk and apples for themselves for the sake of selfishness and privilege when in actual fact, they are preserving the milk and apples for the sake of greed and to reduce the risk of starvation. The animals however, are too dumbfounded to easily notice this because of the w ay in which squealers ability to change and twist language controls them. Squealer further controls the animals by identifying their enemy ‘Jones’ in the quote ‘do you know what would happen if we pigs failed our duty? Jones would come back! (pg. 25). Here Squealer clearly identifies the enemy ‘Jones’ which the animals utterly dislike and will obey any orders from the pig’s so long as he does not return. Squealer again effectively dumbfounds the animals into thinking that if the milk and apples aren’t given to the pigs, then Jones will be back for sure. Orwell also develops the theme that the abuse of language can contribute to the abuse of power in another of Squealers speeches on Napoleons honourable leadership. Squealer argues that the animals should willingly accept the leadership qualities Napoleon controls them with and that they should be disciplined so that the wrong decisions aren’t made. The following major techniques of propaganda are successfully used in Squealers speech on the qualities of maintaining leadership to persuade the animals to believe him including inclusive language, scape goating and persuasive language. Squealer uses inclusive language in the quote ‘comrades, he said, one false step, and our enemies would be upon us. Surely comrades, you do not want Jones back? ’ (pg. 40) In Squealers dominating speech, he again creates a sense of unity with the animals on the farm and allows them to be positive and look forward and not feel powerless against Napoleon or Jones for that matter. The technique scape goating is used in the quote ‘snowball, who as we know, was no better than a criminal’ (pg. 41) Squealer has no proof that Snowball is a criminal and therefore blames all the problems and conflicts on Snowball, distracting the animals from much of the important issues at hand. Even when the farm animals point out that Snowball fought bravely in the ‘Battle of the Cowshed’, Squealers reply is too overpowering for the animals to say anything. This contributes to the way in which Squealer effectively changes and twists language to put himself in power. By using persuasive language in his speech ‘bravery is not enough, loyalty and disobedience are more important’ (pg. 41), Squealer is able to effectively persuade the animals to do what is right by napoleon and to take a certain position on the issue that loyalty and obedience are important when it comes to discipline. Orwell effectively develops the message that the abuse of language can contribute to the abuse of power through the use of allegorical character representations of Squealer as Stalin, who are both persuasive and strong-minded speakers and satirical representations to help explain that there are people in society who expose this abuse of language and manipulate others as an instrument of control to keep themselves in power. He makes us realise that we must take into account the sort of language that people twist to abuse power through their use of persuasive language, which in turn makes them more powerful. Therefore we should open up when we have a decent point to make which we know will change their way of speaking. From the very beginning of the novel, we become aware of educations role in stratifying animal farms population. This is another one of Orwell’s messages about how the ability of being intelligent and educated can later be used as tools of oppression. Orwell achieves this proposition through the characterisation of the pigs, propaganda techniques and the allegorical and satirical representations of characters, to symbolise the communist system and to allow us to realise that indeed communism is not equality. Following Major’s death, the pigs are the ones who take on the task of organising and mobilizing the others animals into doing what they want them to do because they are ‘generally realised as being the cleverest of the animals’ (pg. 35). At first the pigs are loyal to their fellow animals and to the rebellion cause. Faithfully, they translate Major’s vision into the ‘Seven Commandments of Animalism’. However, it is not long before the pig’s intelligence and education turn from tools of enlightenment to implements of oppression. Squealer represents the totalitarian government, a propaganda machine. Like Stalin, Squealer is a persuasive speaker and is able to manipulate the animals under his authority to do what he wants them to do, as a result, contributing to their own oppression. As persuasive and outspoken as he is, Squealer can make the animals believe almost anything in his way of ‘skipping from side to side and whisking his tail which was somehow very persuasive’ (pg. 11). This fact is especially clear in Squealers interactions with Clover and Muriel. Each time Clover suspects that the Seven Commandments have been changed; Squealer manages to convince her that she is wrong. Clover hears that the pigs not only take meals in the kitchen and use the drawing room as a recreation room, but sleep in the beds of the farm house. Thinking there is a definite rule against beds, she willingly asks Muriel to read her the fourth commandment which is changed from ‘No animal shall sleep in a bed’ to ‘No animal shall sleep in a bed with sheets’. Soon enough Squealer explains to the animals that the pigs are officially allowed to sleep in the farmhouse beds. The following major techniques of propaganda are used in Squealers speech including inclusive language, identifying the enemy and lying. At the start of Squealers speech, he creates a sense of unity amongst the farm animals in the quote; ‘I can tell you, comrades, with all the brainwork we have to do nowadays. You would not rob us of our repose, would you comrades? ’ (pg. 50). Squealer distorts his way through the minds of the animals and makes them think that they are too grateful and would not go against the pigs sleeping in the beds of the farm house, seeing as it is worth the brainwork they incorporate into the lives of the animals. Just like in all of Squealers speeches, he identifies the enemy in the quote ‘surely none of you wishes to see Jones back? (pg. 50). Squealer knows how much the animals dislike Jones and will do anything for him not to come back. Hence, the reason Squealer incorporates the use of Jones to brainwash the animals minds into thinking that if the pigs don’t sleep on the farm house beds then Jones will be back for sure. Towards the end of the novel, the animals are completely brainwashed to question the authority of the pigs and so Squealer is able to trick the animals into thinking the fourth commandment hasn’t been changed when in actual fact it has. The technique lying is used in the quote ‘the rule was against sheets, which are a human invention’ (pg. 50). Squealer insists the fourth commandment is that ‘no animal shall sleep on beds with sheets’ which dumfounds the animals and makes them realise that they haven’t learnt the commandments right when in actual fact the commandment is changed without them knowing. Another example of the contribution of the manipulation of language in the novel is the maxim that replaces the seven commandments; ‘all animals are equal but some animals are more equal than others. pg. 97) The idea of ‘more equal’ is a senseless manipulation of language, but by this time, the animals are too brainwashed to notice. The idea that some animals are more equal than others is developed in the text; ‘it did not seem strange when napoleon was seen strolling in the farm house garden with a pipe in his mouth – no, not even when the pigs took Mr jon es clothes out of the wardrobes and put them on, napoleon himself appearing in a black coat, ratcatcher breeches and leather leggings†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢(pg. 98) Orwell effectively develops the message that those who are unable, or unwilling, to question authority, contribute to their own oppression through the use of the allegorical character representation of Squealer who like Stalin is a powerful and manipulative speaker, propaganda techniques and satire. Orwell makes us realise that both intelligence and education are extremely powerful tools of oppression and whilst also being an important part of life, they can contribute to the oppression of others’ lives. Through the use of these techniques, Orwell explains that there are some people in society, who expose their intelligence and education to their fullest extent to oppress others who they know, are not able to question authority unwillingly. Therefore we should willingly question authority no matter how intelligent or well-educated we are, if we know that the point we are trying to make is valid, to avoid oppression. Authors of texts construct themes and develop them to portray a message to their intended audience using the techniques of propaganda and the satirical and allegorical representations of certain characters. In the novel Animal Farm, Orwell rewrites history in the representation of certain animals as historical figures from history, warning us about the ways in which power can be abused by individuals. Therefore we are encouraged to take a stance on the message that George Orwell provides us with and reflect on it in our everyday lives.

Online Essay Editing

Online Essay Editing Online Essay Editing Online Essay Editing: The Most Important Step in Writing Online essay editing is the best way for you to make sure that the essay you are going to show to your professor is free of mistakes. Proved by hundreds of low grades If you think that after you have written your essay your task is completed you are gravely mistaken. You see if the essay, which presents to your professor contains some mistakes it will never bring you the high grade. After you have completed writing your essay, you can do nothing but edit it or otherwise, you will spoil all your work and waste your time, nerves, health, and efforts for nothing. You do not want to taste such an unpleasant experience, do you? Online Essay Editing Affects Your Grade If you do not want to get the low grade for your diligence, do not forget to edit your essay. You can edit it on your own; however, still, there is no any guarantee that you are going to get the desired high grade. You see if the person who edits the essay is one and the same person with those who write it, he or she will never be able to edit the essay in a proper way. The psychologists insist that the person is not able to understand his or her mistakes, as he or she simply does not see them. A student gets used to the text while he or she is writing the essay that is why such things as slips of the tongue are out of the attention. That is why it is recommended to ask someone to edit your essay before presenting it to your professor:http://.com/blog/writing-editing Of course, if the person is not a professional in the field of editing essays, he or she is also not able to edit your essay without any mistakes, however, still, the majority of the mistakes would be corrected that is for sure. Rely On Professional Essay Editing Service If you want to entrust your essay to the hands of professionals, you are welcome to make use of our online essay editing. Proofreading is the only way of our online essay editing, which is really able to get rid you of the mistakes. Only highly educated and highly qualified professionals are completing proofreading at our site. Our online essay editing is your guarantee of the A+ grade for your essay. We do not leave any chance to the mistakes and to your professor as well. If you use our online essay editing, you are certain to receive the highest grade. By the way, if you need any kind of online essay help while your essay writing, you are also awaited at our site. Read also: Psychology Coursework Motivation Coursework Maths Coursework Management Coursework English Literature Coursework

Interest rates & stocks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Interest rates & stocks - Essay Example By using these values the current price of XYZ stock has been calculated and it is equal to $12.85. Po is the actual share price and P is the calculated stock price and when these two prices are compared, there is a huge difference between the two prices as the value of Po is equal to $76.28 and value of P is $12.85. There can be several reasons for the difference between the actual price of XYZ stock and the calculated price. One major reason could be the difference between the demand and supply of stock as in reality the demand of XYZ stock would be very high which might have increased the actual price of the stock and for this reason the stock has been overvalued. Also the other reason might be that people might expect the company to perform better in future and this is the reason why they would like to buy the stock of XYZ and this would have increased the price of the stock as well. As the market risk premium has increased from 7.5% to 10%, so this would change the return of XYZ stock as well. The new return can be found using CAPM equation and the new required return with the changed market risk premium would be 18.525%. By using the value of new required return of XYZ stock in Constant Growth Model the value of XYZ’s share price has been calculated. The new price is $7.75. The new price is lower than the price calculated previously because the market risk has increased and investors would like to have more return on the stock. So in order to get more return either the return or dividend should increase or the price of the stock should decrease, since dividend is constant therefore the price of the stock has decreased. The share price of XYZ Company calculated using the P/E method is different than the share price calculated using constant growth model and the reason behind this difference in estimated share price is that these methods are used to estimate the share price and at times one method would give

In your opinion, what is Walt Whitman's message regarding America and Essay

In your opinion, what is Walt Whitman's message regarding America and Americans - Essay Example Whitman reflected all the richness of life in American his poems. â€Å" leaves of Grass is highly praised by Connor. â€Å" Behold in Leaves Of Grass the immense and absolute rise. It is all our own. The nation is in it. To understand Greece study Iliad and Odyssey. Study ‘The Leaves of Grass’ to understand America.’ The leaves of Grass’ is the epic of America† Whitman delights in giving us catalogues of the variety of professions followed in America. He does not shrink from picturing prostitutes and butchers. The whole wide range of the American physical scene is brought before us. He succeeded in conveying to the readers, a broad panoramic grasp of America‘s spaciousness, her opulence and her veritable and multitude ness of life. Whitman’s’ Song of Myself contains plenty of catalogues of characteristic phenomenon of America. In â€Å"A Song for Occupation ‘he praises the divine average. Thieves’ prostitutes and d runkards are regarded by the poet with as much sympathy and love. No human being is treated with content.

Current macroeconomic situation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Current macroeconomic situation - Essay Example economic productivity in the US depicted in the numerous productions and purchases in terms of goods and services, the rates of national unemployment have remained steadily high. This implies that increment in the overall productivity of both goods and services is not playing any noteworthy role in the generation of fresh jobs for the general populace. It further implies that employers are not offering job opportunities to fresh workers in order to develop the required growth rates. In the most recent probe into the macroeconomic situation, Consumer Price Index with regard to urban consumers stood constant during the month of December similar to the month of November. The index for all goods except for food and energy rose significantly by 0.1% in December after it augmented to 0.2 in November (BLS, 2012). This has been presented as the inflation levels for US for the fiscal months of December and November. According to reports on employment and unemployment, a rise in the nonfarm payroll job offering augmented by 200, 000 in December 2011, while the unemployment rate continued to drop at 8.5% (Haskell, 2011). Job opportunities emerged in the conveyance, warehousing, retail vending, industrialized, medical and mining sector of the economy. According to the presented report, real GDP, which is the production of goods and services that US generated in labor and property augmented to a yearly rate of 1.8% as per the third quarter of last year (Haskell, 2011). Previously, the second quarter of last year saw an augment of the real GDP by 1.3%. Currently, the expansionary fiscal tools such as the purchases made by the government on taxes are not working within the current situation. The working group has been amassing less experience concerning jobs than expected, which consequently leads to augment in inflation and unemployment (Bullard, 2011). Although inflation is triggered by supply side dilemmas, inflation and unemployment augment in a similar manner making the

Debates on the MMR Vaccination

Debates on the MMR Vaccination Master document text I am no longer trying to dig up evidence to prove vaccines cause autism. There is already abundant evidenceThis debate is not scientific but is political (Ayoub, D. (2006).Using your knowledge of immunology, discuss the arguments for and against the use of vaccination. Vaccination has become an extensively useful strategy for the prevention of infectious disease and continues to be one of the most successful health interventions and  remains one of societys best healthcare investments (ref). Never in the history of human progress, wrote the pathologist Geoffrey Edsal, Has a better and cheaper method of preventing illness been developed than immunisation at its best (ref). The mainly ambitious aim of vaccination is eradication of the disease. This has been achieved for smallpox; the eradication of polio is being attempted and there has been a dramatic downward trend in the incidence of most of the diseases against which vaccines are currently used. The incidence of the invasive disease Haemophilus influenza, which causes bacterial meningitis in children has decreased in the United States of America by an impressive 99%, sby introducing the vaccine in 1988 (ref). Children born in the U.S. are fully vaccinated from the age of 1 years old to adolescence, saving approximately 33,000 lives and an estimated 14 million infections (ref). However, as long as any focus of infection remains in the community, the main effect of vaccination will be the protection of the individual against the disease (ref). The success of a vaccination programme relies not only on the development and use of vaccines themselves, but also on an understanding of the epidemiologic aspe cts of disease transmission (ref).Vaccination aims to prime the adaptive immune system to the antigens of a particular microbe so that a first infection induces a secondary response. The principle of vaccination is simple; to induce a primed state so that on first contact with the relevant infection, a rapid and effective secondary immune response will be mounted, leading to prevention of disease. Vaccination depends upon the ability of lymphocytes, both B and T cells, to respond to specific antigens and develop into memory cells, and therefore represents a form of activity enhanced adaptive immunity (ref).In 1999, the Centres for Disease Control (CDC) and the American Academy of Paediatrics (AAP) requested that vaccine makers should remove a organomercury compound called thiomersal from vaccines (ref). This was phased out of the United States of America and European vaccines, except for some preperations of influenza vaccine (ref). The CDC and the AAP decided that there was no harm in exercising caution, even if it did turn about to be unwarranted, however the actions sparked confusion and controversy which result in the diversion of attention and resources away from the efforts to determine the causes of autism (ref). Child vaccines which contained the thiomersal was alleged to contribute to autism (ref), however in 2004 the Institute of Medicine (IOM) committee rejected any causal relationship between autism and thiomersal-containing vaccines (ref). However the incidence of autism increased steadily despite the removal of thiomersal from childhood vaccine (ref). thiomersal exposure has not been accepted as a factor in causing autism (ref). Immunisation safety is a real concern because all vaccines may cause side effects. Both healthcare workers and patients need reminding that immunisation is an induced controlled stimulus to the immune system, so therefore some adverse reactions can be expected. Most of the reactions however, are transient and mild. Immunisation safety concerns have existed since the day of the first available vaccine. Since the introduction of Jenners cowpox vaccine, the benefits of saving children from tragic outcomes of common diseases outweigh the risks of perceived adverse events following immunisation. Immunisation safety concerns are different from concerns about other medical interventions because they are administered to generally healthy individuals and the tolerance of adverse events following immunisation is subsequently lower compared to adverse events following medication for an existing illness (ref). The success of immunisation programmed depends on the public confidence in their safety despite the side effects vaccines may cause. Concerns about immunisation safety often follow a pattern: a medical condition is suggested as an adverse effect of the vaccination, then a premature announcement is made of the alleged effects which then results in several years to try and regain the publics confidence in the vaccine (ref). Vaccination in the United Kingdom became widespread in the ear;y 1800s after the work by Jenner (ref). Vaccination acts were brought in to force to encourage vaccination and it was made mandatory that all infants in 1853 were vaccinated (ref). Refusal to have the vaccinations received the highest penalty resulting in a prison sentence (ref). The relationship between the British State and its citizens significantly changed, causing a public backlash. In 1867, a law extended the requirements to the age of 14 years old, however, opponents focused in 1898 on it causing an infringement of individuals freedom, which resulted in a law allowing for conscientious objection to compulsory vaccination (ref). Compulsory vaccination policies at various times provoked opposition from people who believe that the government should not be infringing on individuals freedom to choose what medications they take, even if this increases a risk of disease to themselves and others (ref). Some vaccine critics claim that public health has never had any benefits from vaccination (ref). They argue that any reduction on communicable diseases, which were rampant in conditions where overcrowding, poor sanitation, poor diet and an almost non-existent hygiene existed, reduced due to the changes in the conditions excepting vaccination (ref). Others dispute that vaccines only give a temporary immunity and therefore boosters are required, whereas those who have survived the disease develop a permanent immunity (ref). Children who have survived diseases such as diphtheria go on to develop a natural immunity which will remain longer than any immunity developed by the vaccination (ref). Some critics argue that the benefits of reducing the mortality rates among the general population outweigh all health risks associated to older or weaker adults (ref). Vast improvements have been made to public health (ref). Despite vaccines causing side effects and immunisation safety is a real concern, public attention shifts away from the risks as the success of the immunisation programme increases (ref) and the incidence of disease decreases (ref). However health authorities are finding it challenging to preserve public support for the vaccination programmes (ref).The rate in diagnosis of autism has had a worldwide increase (ref) , driven by the broadened diagnostic criteria and increased awareness concerns have been fuelled that vaccines might cause autism (ref). Theories for this alleged association have mainly centred on the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR vaccine (ref). however, studies in biology and epidemiology have failed to support these claims (ref). The MMR vaccine in the United Kingdom was the subject of controversy, when a paper was published in The Lancet in 1998. The paper written by a Gastroenterologist Dr Andrew Wakefield et al, reporting a small study of 12 children, whom mostly with autism spectrum disorders with sudden onset after administration of the Vaccine (ref). During a 1998 press conference, Andrew Wakefield suggested that it would be safer to give children the vaccine in three separate doses rather than a single vaccination. This suggestion was never supported by the paper and subsequent peer-reviewed studies failed to find any association between the autism and the vaccine (ref). In 2001 and 2002, the controversy grew momentum. In 2001 26% of family doctors felt that the government had failed to prove that there was no link between autism and the MMR (ref). By 2002, over 1257 stories were published (ref). The confidence in the MMR fell as a result of the scare, from 59% to 41% (ref). A survey of 366 family doct ors in the United Kingdom in 2003, reported that 77% would recommend giving the child the MMR vaccine, even if there was a close family history of autism (ref). In the same study an extremely small number, 3% of the family doctors thought that autism could sometimes be the caused by the MMR vaccine (ref). A similar survey (ref) found that confidence in the MMR had been increasing over the previous two years (ref). Most of the UK National Health Service doctors only had the combined vaccine and those who did not want to give their children the combined vaccine had to pay for the separate vaccines or not vaccinate their children (ref), which added to the controversy of the MMR. Tony Blair, who was the Prime Minister at the time, strongly supported the vaccines stating the vaccine was safe (ref mmr vaccine). However, on several occasions Tony Blair would refuse on grounds of personal privacy whether his son had received the vaccine, in contrast the now immunised (ref), The risks of children catching the disease while waiting for the full immunisation coverage decreases with the administration of the combined vaccine instead of separate vaccines (ref). The combined vaccines two injections cause the children less pain and distress, rather that the six injections required by the separate vaccines, and there is the likelihood of some being delayed or missed due to extra clinic visits (ref). Vaccination uptake had significantly increased in the UK when the MMR became available in 1988 (ref mmr vaccine). Health professionals have heavily criticised media coverage of the controversy from triggering a decline in vaccination rates (ref mmr). MMR vaccination compliance dropped significantly after the controversy began in the UK, from 92% in 1996 to 84% in 2002. In 2003, in some London boroughs, it was a low as 615, which is far below the rate needed to avoid an epidemic of measles (ref). The incidence of the three diseases increased significantly in the UK (ref). 56% cases of measles were confirmed in the 1998, this increased over the years and in 2006, 449 cases were reported in first five months of the year (ref)m and the first death since 1992, these cases occurred in children who were inadequately vaccinated (ref). In 1999, cases of mumps began to rising after years of very few cases and by the year 2005, there was a mumps epidemic with nearly 5000 notifications in January 2005 alone (ref). Disease outbreaks also caused casualties in nearby countries. In Ireland an outbreak in 2000 resulted in 1500 cases and 3 deaths, all as a result of the decrease vaccination rates following the MMR controversy (ref) Measles was declared an endemic in the UK in 2008 for the first time in 14 years. A population of susceptible children who would spread the disease was created following the low MMR vaccination rates (ref). MMR vaccination rates amongst English children have remained unchanged in 2007-08, a level to low to prevent another serious measles outbreak (ref). It later emerged that Andrew Wakefield had not informed the medical authorities or colleagues that he had received funding from litigants against vaccine manufacturers (ref). Wakefield has been heavily criticised for instigating a decline in the vaccination rates and medically (ref) especially on the way the research was conducted ethically (ref) The Sunday Times in 2009 reported that patient data was manipulated by Wakefield and misreported the results in his 1998 paper, creating the appearance of a link between autism and the MMR (ref). A systematic review of 31 scientific studies by the Cochrane Library in 2005 concluded that there is no credible evidence to support any links between Autism and the MMR vaccine, and that the MMR is necessary in the prevention of disease with carries the potential rick of complication and even death in some cases (ref). The report also highlighted that the lack of confidence in the MMR has damaged public health and that the design and reporting of the safety outcomes was largely inadequate (ref). Ensuring the safety of vaccination is a major component of the national immunisation programmes of most countries. A major part of this effort is surveillance, and scientific studies about the possible occurrence of adverse events following immunisation. Although a number of vaccine safety studies is increasing, this is not in response to any evidence about the true safety of vaccines, but in response to the increasing number of new vaccines being used and the complex nature of these vaccines. A number of vaccine safety studies have been conducted or are in progress, some in reaction to the climate of concern, some carried out proactively and others as part of ongoing surveillance. However, because the number of safety-orientated studies is increasing, one should be aware that this fact in itself could contribute to the concern.The internet has increasingly become a powerful means of international communication and an almost inexhaustible source of information, capable of playing an influential role in both the positive and the negative sense. It represents a direct and efficacious tool to spread a positive message and to stress the health benefits, economic attractiveness and safety of vaccination. However, inaccurate, misleading or simply wrong information regarding potential side effects or dangers of vaccination spreading through the internet exacerbates worries about vaccine safety and may cause parents to postpone or refuse vaccination of their children. A wide range of issues concerning vaccine safety is being taken up by anti-vaccination groups as well as by other groups whose concerns may reflect local customs, or religious, political or other beliefs. Anti-vaccination lobbies have also understood the possibilities of the internet can be exploited and could strengthen their means to campaign against vaccination. This is demonstrated by the occurrence of a multitude of specific websites heavily relying on emotional appeal while proclaiming a message that undermines the benefits of vaccination. Vaccine scares continue to have an impact on immunisation coverage. To respond to this challenge, there is a need to develop vaccine communication strategies that provide a balance between evidence-based information and advocacy and lobbying activities. Furthermore, compiling independent, international reviews of vaccine safety issues is required, together with relevant statements from authoritative neutral expert groups. This should be done within a h3 international collaboration, with direct, early and clear statements agreed on by authorities and other key parties, preceding public communications. Creating a positive environment for immunisation can be achieved by supporting evidence-based information thus repositioning the importance and value of vaccines and vaccination. This will ultimately ease the task of health care decision makers, especially in developing proactive communication strategies to deal with crises that have a potentially negative impact on vaccine coverage, and consequently on the health status of children.Loss of public confidence in vaccination is one of the greatest threats to public health and must be addressed by local, national and international bodies, pooling resources, to prepare for possible issues that might be taken up by anti-vaccination groups or the media. The health care community should actively promote, and personally recommend, the benefits and safety of vaccination in language that is readily and easily understood by the targeted audience.